This is actually one of my favorites to refute!
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You see, the Old Testament laws are categorized into a couple of groups:
- the priestly laws
- the civil laws
- the moral laws
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The priestly laws - dealing with the Levitical and Aaronic priesthoods - were representative of the future and true High Priest, which we all know as Jesus - who offered Himself as a sacrifice on the cross. Since Jesus fulfilled the priestly laws (Matthew 5:17), they are no longer necessary to be followed and are not now applicable. How do we know? The veil was torn when Jesus died (Matthew 27:51) so that we now have access to God Himself, no longer needing a Priest to fulfill ALL of the Laws required in order to access the Father for us. Jesus granted this access by fulfilling the Law and tearing the veil.
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The civil laws must be understood in the context of a theocracy. Though the Jewish nation in the Old Testament was headed by a king, more often than not, it was a theocratic system with the Scriptures (Bible) as a guide to the nation. Those laws that fall under this category are not applicable today because we are not under a theocracy.
Furthermore, these civil laws were written for nomadic people living in a desert thousands of years ago (you know: with the Pharaoh and Moses and the plagues and the Exodus, etc). Unlike the surrounding peoples, who practiced human sacrifice and had unjust laws, the Israelites had just laws. They established legal practices, such as having eye witnesses. A person couldn’t be condemned without 2 or more eyewitnesses - that’s something still used today (sort of, due to corruption - but that’s another post).
Under such circumstances, certain foods and habits were unhealthy, and - in those circumstances - were prohibited. The cleansing and preservation methods of meats, for example, weren’t as awesome as they are now, so, God ordered certain meats to not be consumed as it would be “dirty” or “impure” meat. Other practices of the surrounding people - like tattoos - were prohibited. Why? Because sterilization practices weren’t that well defined. So, you see, most of these things were done for health reasons. Also they were meant to keep the people culturally unified, which is why there’s laws about things like shaving, haircuts and even dress codes, too.
The early Christians were all Jews - and followed all of the Jewish laws - including kosher food, the Sabbath, etc. When more and more gentiles (people who weren’t Jews and with different customs - like you and me) came to the faith, it was decided - for practical purposes - to let the pork-eating, tattoo-wearing, beardless, shaggy haired gentiles keep the Jewish moral laws, and not be burdened with the Jewish customs, or civil laws.
Note that God didn’t change his mind or contradicted Himself. He merely allowed the gentiles to come to a greater truth without having to change their eating habits. So, eat a ham sandwich and cut off your beard (or let it grow) - if you like!
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The moral laws, on the other hand, have not been abolished - because the moral laws are based upon the character of God. Since God’s Holy character does not change, the moral laws do not change either. Therefore, the moral laws are still in effect.
In the New Testament we do not see a reestablishment of the civil or priestly laws. But we do see a reestablishment of the moral law. This is why we see New Testament’s condemnation of things like homosexuality as a sin, but not with the associated death penalty.
Again, the MORAL laws have NOT changed. Things like: “Love your neighbor as yourself”, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”, “Don’t have sex until you’re married,” “Homosexuality is a sin,” the 10 Commandments, etc, are still in effect for us today. We’re still required to obey the moral laws, as they define our character and determine our eternal resting place.
This is the reason why we follow some laws (like the moral laws, which apply absolutely) and not others (like the civil laws, that apply almost exclusively to the actual Jewish religion).
God Bless and have an AWESOME day!
[RELATED: “What does it mean that Jesus ‘fulfilled’ the Law?”]